Open Source Polkadot Stack

The goal of this page is to provide an overview of the open-source Polkadot/Kusama Tech Stack.

This is a living document and we are relying on our community to contribute to it and help maintain it. Please feel free to make edits and additions via pull requests. We apologize if we missed your project!

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• About
• Layers of Polkadot Stack
  • User Interface
  • Tools, APIs and Languages
  • ink Smart Contracts
  • Chains and Pallets
  • Host
  • Network Maintenance Tools
  • Signatures
  • Consensus
  • Networking
• Contributing

About

The Polkadot Tech Stack is a subset of the Web 3.0 Tech Stack, which consists of the open-source technologies contributing to and relying on Polkadot, Kusama and Substrate. It is meant to be used for decentralized application (Dapp) development within numerous verticals including DeFi, Gaming, Provenance and many others not pictured below.

|------|--------|------------|
| DeFi | Gaming | Provenance |
|______|________|____________|
            Dapps
|--------------------------/-|
| Explorers, Wallets      /  |
|------------------------/---|
| Tools, Apis, Languages/    |
|----------------------/-----|
| 2nd layer protocols /      |
|--------------------/-------|
| Chains            /  other |
|------------------/---    --|
| *Polkadot*      |   tech   |
|------------------\---------|
| P2P, Crypto, Wasm \        |
|--------------------\-------|

Layers of Polkadot Stack

In the below sections you can find a list of different layers of the Polkadot Stack.

Maintenance Status:

• 🟢 Actively maintained
• 🟡 Stale (no activity for 1 month)
• 🔴 Unmaintained (no activity for more than 3 months)

User Interface

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Desktop/Web Wallets	Talisman Web Application 🟢, AirGap 🟢, Sakura 🔴	User-friendly Wallet based on the Recovery Pallet, Web wallets focused on user-onboarding (e.g. using localStorage )
Browser Extensions	Enkrypt 🟢, Polkadot{.js} 🟢, Polkadot-Js-Plus-Extension 🟢, SubWallet-Extension 🟢, Doter 🔴, Enzyme 🔴, Speckle OS 🔴	Sign-in with your polkadot, kusama, etc. account.
Mobile Wallets	Lunie 🔴, Polkawallet 🔴, Parity Signer 🟢, imToken 🟢, Fearless Wallet Android 🟢, Fearless Wallet iOS 🟢, Stylo 🟡, Nova Wallet 🟢, Fractapp 🔴, Interstellar Network 🟡, Hashed Wallet 🟢
Burner Wallets/Faucet	KodaDot 🔴, Astar Faucet Bot 🟡	Faucet (a sybil-resistant way to receive free tokens)
CLI Wallet	Subwallet 🔴, Proxy-hot-wallet 🔴
Multisignature Wallets	Subscan Multisig UI - React 🟢, Subscan Multisig UI 🔴, Dorafactory-Multisig 🔴
Hardware Wallets	Ledger Polkadot 🟢, Ledger Kusama 🟢, Ledger Statemint 🟡, Ledger Statemine 🟡	Trezor
Block Explorers	Calamar 🟢, Polkaholic 🟢, Polkascan 🔴, Polkastats 🔴, Subscan 🟢, Statescan 🟢, Edgscan 🔴, Epirus 🟢	Ink Smart Contract Explorer, Mempool focused explorer (including parachain transaction)
Validator Dashboards	Polkacube 🔴, YieldScan 🔴, Hubble 🔴
Node Explorers	Polkadot Node Explorer 🔴
NFT Explorer	NFT Explorer for Kusama & Polkadot 🟢
Governance Dashboards	Polkassembly 🟢, dotreasury 🟢, Bright Treasury 🟢, OpenSquare offchain voting 🟢	UI for the kusama and/or polkadot treasury (see bounty module ), UI for Parachain Lease Offering (PLO)
Staking	Staking Rewards Collector 🟢, Staking Rewards Viewer 🔴, Polkadot Staking Site 🔴, Polkadot Staking Dashboard 🟢
Bridge UI	Parity Bridges UI 🟢, Donut Interface (Steem - Dot) 🔴
Parachain/Crowdloan	Parachains.Network 🔴, PolkAuction 🟡
Identicon	PolkadotWebIdenticon 🔴, Polkadot Angular IdentIcon 🔴, Bird Identicon 🔴
Other	KappaSigmaMu Fratority 🟢, Quadratic Funding Webapp 🔴, Polkawatch, Bytepay 🟡, charging-management-platform 🔴, subidentity-webapp 🟢, OpenSquare Paid QA 🟢	Portfolio Viewer like Zapper or Zerion

Tools, APIs and Languages

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Parachain	Parachain utilities 🔴, Gantree 🔴	Tools to create parachains from frameworks used in other ecosystems
Client Libraries	Go 🟢, .Net 🔴, .NET Standard 2.0 🟢, C++ 🔴, C 🔴, Haskell 🟢, Javascript 🟢, Substrate API Sidecar - TypeScript 🟢, Ruby 🔴, Python 🟢, Java (+ Android) 🟡, Substrate Client Java 🟡, Rust SCS 🟢, Rust Parity 🟢, PHP (gmajor-encrypt) 🔴, PHP (neha0921) 🔴, RPC-Ethereum 🟢, Swift 🔴, Kotlin 🔴
Substrate Contract clients	PatractGo 🔴
SCALE Codec	Rust 🟢, TypeScript 🟢, Python 🟢, Golang Chainsafe 🟢, Golang Itering 🟢, C 🔴, C++ 🟢, JavaScript 🟢, AssemblyScript 🔴, Haskell 🟢, Java 🟡, Ruby 🔴, Dart 🔴, Swift 🔴, PHP 🟢, JavaScript by Soramitsu 🟢, Scale Codec Comparator 🟢
Easy Runtime Development	Subalfred 🟢, VS Code Plugin 🔴, Atom Code Plugin 🔴, Substrate Playground 🟢, Substrate Marketplace VS Code Plugin 🔴, AssemblyScript Runtime Generation 🔴, Substrate Package Manager 🔴, Subsembly: Framework for developing AssemblyScript Substrate Runtimes 🔴, dependency diener 🟢
Easy Smart Contract Development	Typechain Polkadot 🟡, ink-playground 🔴, Ink! Remix Plugin 🔴
Runtime Security	Substrate Toml Lint 🟢, K specifications 🔴, PolPatrol - Polkadot Runtime Checker 🔴	Automated Runtime checking tools, economic audit simulator such as gauntlet.network
Smart Contract Languages	Ask! 🟢, Subscript 🔴, Solang 🟢, Ink! 🟢, Move VM Substrate 🔴, Move smart contract by Neatcoin 🔴, Sol2Ink 🟡	Functional Programming Languages, other languages with developed toolchains
Smart Contract Security	Vanguard 🟢
Testing	Halva 🔴, Ink Waterfall 🟢, Redspot 🔴, MixBytes Tank 🔴, sub-flood 🔴, Substrate debug-kit 🔴, Dotscale - SCALE Codec Comparator 🔴, Asset CLI tool 🟡, sub_crash 🔴, subwasm 🟢, subsee 🔴, polkadot-lab 🔴, Zombienet 🟢, RPC-perf 🟡
Testnet	Polkadot Launch 🟡, polkadot-starship 🔴, Fork off Substrate 🔴, Parachain Launch 🟢
Benchmarking	Substrate Graph Benchmarks 🔴
Blockchain Indexing Engine	Substrate Archive 🟢, PSQL Indexer 🔴, Polkadothub Indexer ❔, Substrate Graph 🔴, Hydra 🔴, Subquery 🟢, Polkadot Profit Transformer 🟢
Blockchain/Event Monitoring	Web3 Guardian 🟡, Aurras Event Manager 🟡, @commonwealth/chain-events 🟡, Massbit 🟡
Gaming	Crossbow 🟢	Amethyst + Substrate
No-code Platforms	EzCode's Polkadot.js plugin on Bubble.io 🔴, Blackprint Visual Programming Polkadot.js module 🟢
XCM	XCM-tools 🟢, ParaSpell 🟢
Wallets	Metadata Portal 🟢, Tesseract 🟡, WalletConnect 🔴, BitGoJS 🟢
Other	open-web3 JS library 🟡, VM-Bridge 🔴, srtool 🟡, Substrate Tip Bot 🟡, ORI (Onchain Risk Intelligence) 🔴, PolkaTools 🟡, polkadot-scripts 🟡, Static analyzer for Substrate FRAME's pallets 🟡, Sube 🔴, data-store-sidecar 🟡, SugarFunge 🟡, substrate-wasmedge 🟢

ink Smart Contracts

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Bridges	Dante Protocol 🟢
DeFi	Polkadot AMM 🔴, Vera 🟢, Nsure Insurance 🔴, Everlasting Cash 🔴, Coinversation 🔴, zenlink-dex-contract 🟡, AlgoCash 🔴	New seigniorage-style stable coins
Gaming	Open Emoji Battler 🟢, NewOmega 🔴
DAO	subDAO 🔴, RainbowDAO 🔴
Spam Protection	Prosopo 🟡
Other	Candle Auctions 🔴, polkasign-contract 🔴, OCEX 🟡, Roloi 🟡

Chains and Pallets

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Scalable Transactions	Perun channels 🟢, CLI demo of Perun 🔴, Astar 🟢, Celer 🔴, Gunclear 🔴	roll-ups, DAG-based consensus mechanisms, side chains
Bridges	interBTC 🟢, ChainBridge 🟢, EOS by Bifrost 🔴, POA - Substrate 🔴, Substrate - Ethereum DAI Bridge 🔴, Substrate - Substrate Bridge 🔴, BTC by ChainX 🟢, Cosmos-Substrate bridge 🔴, Substrate IBC Pallet 🔴, Polkadot Ethereum Bridge 🟢, Darwinia 🟢, Stellar/DeFi Bridge by Pendulum 🔴, Filecoindot 🟢	ZCash
Privacy	Webb Anon 🔴, ZeroChain 🔴, pLibra (Phala Network) 🟢, Automata Network 🟡, zCloak Network 🔴, Zero Network 🟢	Multi-Asset Shielded Pool (MASP) , Zkay, Zexe
ZKP	ZeroPool 🔴, Megaclite 🔴, zkMega 🔴, PLONK for Substrate 🔴, Webb Anchor Protocol 🟢
TEE	Acurast 🟢, Integritee 🟢, substraTEE 🔴
DeFi	Reef 🟡, Diora 🟡, Pendulum Chain 🟢, Compound Gateway 🔴, Parallel Finance 🟢, PINT 🔴, Laminar Chain 🔴, Acala 🟢, Centrifuge 🟢, Stafi 🟢, Definex 🔴, OAX Foundation 🔴, Cybex 🔴, Zenlink 🔴, Swaps Pallet 🔴, Polkadex 🟢, SubDEX 🔴, HydraDX 🟢, Substrate Stablecoin 🔴, Standard protocol 🔴, Polkaswap 🟡, Curve AMM 🔴, Konomi Network 🔴, Composable Finance 🟢, Stable Asset 🟡, Libra Payment 🟡, Mangata 🟢, Tidechain 🟢	DEX with privacy and confidentiality features such as those found in a dark pool
Smart contract chains	moonbeam 🟢, Edgeware 🔴, ParaState 🔴, gear 🟢, CENNZnet 🟡, SkyeKiwi 🔴, OAK-blockchain 🟢, ICE Blockchain 🟢	smart contract chains with novel security approaches, smart contract chains based on existing toolchains
Oracle	Laminar 🟢, Parallel Finance 🟢, Chainlink-polkadot 🔴, Ares Protocol 🟢, Kylin Network 🟢, interbtc-clients oracle 🟢, Anonima 🔴, Apollo 🟢
Identity/DID	Litentry 🔴, pallet-did 🔴, dot-id 🔴
IoT	Nodle 🟢, MXC/DataHighway 🔴, peaq-network-node 🟢
Verifiable Claims	KILT 🟢, Dock 🟢, Fennel Protocol 🟢
Supply chain	DSCP Node 🟡
Health care	AriaHealth 🔴
Social Networking	Social Network 🔴, SubSocial 🟢, ZeroDAO 🔴, Myriad Node 🟢, Wika Network 🔴, Project Liberty 🟢, Listen 🟡, Tribal Protocol 🟡, Five Degrees on Substrate 🟢, Acuity Social 🟢	Private instant messenger that uses on-chain identity
Governance/DAO	Hashed Network 🟢, Sunshine DAO 🔴, Governance OS 🔴, Idavoll Network 🔴, Substrate Moloch 🔴, QRUCIAL-DAO 🟢, Societal ❔, DAOs 🟡	Consul - Open Government and E-Participation Web Software
Prediction Markets and Futarchy	Zeitgeist 🟢, X Predict Market 🔴
Messaging	HOPR 🔴, Nolik 🟢
File Storage, Cloud	Subsocial-Offchain 🔴, DatDot 🔴, Crust Network 🟢, offchain::ipfs 🔴, Canyon Network 🔴, CESS 🟢, CESS Proving Subsystem 🔴, Iris 🔴, fmd-cess 🔴, IPFS Frame V3 🟢, Threefold Chain 🟢, Apron 🔴
Name Service	Substrate Names 🔴, ENS on Substrate 🔴, PNS-Pallets 🔴, Faceless 🟡
Gaming	Bit.country 🟢, SubGame 🔴, subzero 🔴, Web3Games 🔴, Ajuna Network 🟢, Gafi Network 🟡, Asylum
Computation/AI	DeepBrain Chain 🟢, AI Infrastructure on Blockchain 🔴
Enable specific use-cases	Robonomics 🟢, UniversalDOT 🟡, Evercity Sustainable Finance Protocol 🟡, Fennel Protocol 🟢, logion 🟢
NFT	ternoa 🟢, FRAME Pallet: NFTs for Substrate 🔴, Unique NFT Parachain 🟡, DNFT 🔴, RMRK-Substrate 🟢, NT-NFTs 🟡, Green Lemon 🟢
Randomness	DKG and Randomness Beacon 🟢
Licensing	Anagolay Network 🟢
Banking Integration	FIAT on-off-ramp 🟡
Crowdfunding	Imbue Network 🟢, Quadratic Funding pallet by Dora 🔴, Quadratic Funding pallet by OAK 🔴	Minimum Anti-Collusion Infrastructure (MACI)
Licensing	Anagolay Network 🟢
Collection of Pallets	Substrate Open Runtime Module Library 🟢, warehouse 🟢, InvArch FRAME Pallet Library 🟢
Marketplaces	Dot Marketplace 🟡, Gated Marketplace 🟢
Carbon Credits	BitGreen 🟢, Carbon Assets Pallet 🟢, Sequester Pallets 🔴
Other	Substrate Account Filter 🔴, Subtensor 🟢, AdMeta 🟢, Chocolate Node 🟡, Virto Network 🟢, Substrate Validator Set 🟡, DEIP 🟡, DeBio 🟢, MathChain 🔴, encointer 🟢, Grassland 🔴, Substrate-Tutorials 🟡, Fair Squares 🟢, Totem Live Accounting 🔴, Escrow Pallet 🟢	Decentralized review/reputation system

Host

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Rust	Substrate 🟢, Cumulus 🟢
C++	Kagome 🟢
Go	Gossamer 🟢
AssemblyScript
Light Client	Substrate Connect 🟢

Network Maintenance Tools

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
Secure validator setup	Polkadot Validation Node Ansible Setup 🟢, W3F Polkadot Validator Setup 🔴
High availability setup	Archipel 🔴, Polkadot Failover Mechanism 🔴
Load Balanced Endpoints	terragrunt-polkadot 🔴, Geometry Labs' Substrate Meta repo 🔴
Deployment Tools	Polkadot Package Manager 🔴, PolkaHub 🔴, Avado 🔴, Polkadot Deployer 🔴
Validator monitoring	ONE-T 🟢, SubVT 🔴, P.A.N.I.C. 🟡, Polkalert 🔴, B-Harvest 🔴, nmonpolkadot 🔴, Polkadot-K8s-Monitor 🟢, Polkadot-Watcher 🟡, 1KV Telegram Bot 🔴
Validator payout management	Substrate validator auto payout 🔴, Polkadot Payouts 🟡, staking-payouts CLI 🟢, Payctl 🟡, crunch 🟢
Staking Miner	Staking Miner v2 🟢

Signatures

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
SR25519	rust 🟡(contains partial bindings for C, JavaScript, and Python), .Net bindings 🔴, C 🔴(old), C 🔴(new), C/C++ 🔴, C# 🔴, Go 🟡, java 🔴, PHP 🟢
Signature Aggregation	apk-proofs 🟢
Distributed key generation (DKG)	keygen.rs 🔴
Validator HSMs	Zondax Remote Signer 🟡

Consensus

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
PoC	Spartan 🔴
PoW	PoW consensus for Substrate 🟢, RandomX 🔴, Sha3 PoW 🔴
Block production	BABE 🟢, Aura 🟢
Finality	GRANDPA 🟢, AlephBFT 🟢
Other	Nimbus: Upgradeable consensus framework 🟢

Networking

Components	Existing projects	Potentially interesting projects
DHT crawler	Go 🔴, Kotlin 🔴
RPC Tor-like access	WhiteNoise 🔴

Contributing

Pull requests, issues, or other contributions from the community are encouraged! You can not only add specific projects, but also potentially interesting fields/areas which are currently missing in the tech stack.

❗ All technologies listed above need to be open-source. Ideally, the links lead directly to the code.

Note: You will need a GitHub account to suggest changes or open issues. If you do not have one, you may sign up for free.